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THE BRANCHES OF SEMANTICS
METAPHOR
Metaphor is "a figure of speech containing an
impliedcomparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily andprimarily used of
one thing is applied to another”
– one thing in common: a situation is compared to
areal thing, although the situation is not actually thatparticular thing.
Traditional positions on the role of metaphor :
– Classical (can be traced back to Aristotle)
• a kind of decorative addition to ordinary
plainlanguage
• a rhetorical device to be used at certain times to
gaincertain effects
• a departure from literal language, detected
asanomalous by the hearer
– Romantic (18th/19th century view of imagination)
• is integral to language and thought as a way
ofexperiencing the world.
• all language is metaphorical
• there is no distinction between literal and
figurative
Theoretical aspects :
• Approaches– many approaches and theories aboutmetaphors
(interdisciplinary subject)–
involved not only in grammar andsemantics, but :
• Historical linguistics
• Categories of thought
• Poetic language
• Rhetoric
• Ethics
Theoretical aspects :
• Metaphors in Cognitive Semantics
– Extension of the Romantic view
–Although metaphors are everywhere inlanguage, not all
language is metaphorical
• Features of metaphors (not anomalous)
– Conventionality (novelty)
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