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DEFINITION KONOTATION AND DENOTATION
According
to Abdul Chaer (2003:292), a denotation is a real meaning of a lexeme.
Denotation is one of the types of meaning that is explained in
semantics. The explanation of denotation by Abdul Chaer is similar with
the one by O’Grady (1997:273), that denotation is a semantic attempt to
equate the meaning of a word or phrase with the entities; and Richards
(1985:76), that denotation is the part of the meaning of a word or
phrase that relates it to the phenomena in the real world or in a
fictional or possible word which all of them point out that the
denotation meaning is quiet the same as a dictionary or lexical meaning.
From
the quotations above, I may say that a denotative meaning is the same
with a lexical meaning. For example, the denotation of the word lean
(kurus) corresponds to the condition of someones body which is smaller
than a normal size.
b. Connotation
According
to Abdul Chaer (2003:292), a connotation is a different meaning which
is “added” to the last denotation meaning that is related with a sense
from a person or group that uses the word.
Connotation
is another type of meaning that is also learned in semantics. But
according to Abdul Chaer, the connotation meaning is divided into a
neutral, positive, and negative one. For example, the word lean (thin)
has a neutral connotation, which means that it does not have an
unfavorable sense. But the word slender (simpli), which is the synonym
of lean, has a positive connotation which is a favorable sense. On the
contrary, the word thin (thin ), which is the synonym from thin and
slender, has a negative connotation, an unfavorable sense.
From
the example that is given above, the word lean, slender, and thin can
be concluded that in a denotation meaning, three of them have the same
meaning, but three of them have different connotations; lean is a
neutral connotation, slender is a positive connotation, and thin is a
negative connotation.
If
conceptual meaning remains the same forever, connotative meaning may
change from one time to another. Connotative meaning may also differ
from one society to another because meanings have many other
characteristics which different people associate with
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